X-ray application equipment (such as security screening machines, X-ray detectors, medical diagnostic X-ray machines, etc.) must strictly comply with safety regulations when in use. The following are precautions summarized from four dimensions: equipment operation, personnel protection, environmental management, and maintenance:
1、 Equipment operation specifications
Professional training and qualifications
Only personnel who have received professional training are allowed to operate the equipment, familiar with its performance, operating procedures, and emergency response measures.
Medical equipment must be operated by certified radiation workers, while industrial equipment must pass safety assessments before being put on duty.
Power and grounding requirements
The equipment must operate at the specified voltage (voltage fluctuation not exceeding ± 10% of the rated value), and the voltage stability should be checked before use.
The equipment must be well grounded, and sockets must be equipped with grounding terminals to prevent leakage or static interference.
Prohibited for outdoor use
X-ray equipment (especially security screening machines) is strictly prohibited from being used outdoors to avoid environmental factors (such as rain, dust) damaging the equipment or causing radiation leaks.
Device startup and shutdown
Equipment that has not been used for a long time (such as more than 6 months) should be restarted by professionals to avoid damage caused by direct startup.
After each use, the power supply of the equipment should be turned off according to the specifications. Medical equipment should wait for the cooling fan to stop running before turning off the power.
Operation taboos
It is strictly prohibited to use the equipment for human or animal inspection, only for item detection.
Do not sit or stand on the conveyor belt, avoid touching the edges and rollers of the conveyor belt, and prevent injury or mechanical failure.
Prevent liquid from flowing into the interior of the equipment. In case of leakage, immediately shut down and clean up.
2、 Personnel protection and safety
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Operators must wear protective clothing (containing lead materials), lead hats, lead goggles, lead gloves, etc. to reduce radiation exposure.
In medical settings, sensitive areas of patients (such as the thyroid and gonads) need to be protected with lead shields.
Radiation area control
Non operators are prohibited from entering the radiation area, and prominent ionizing radiation warning signs (yellow background with black edges and triangles) should be set up around the equipment.
Close the doors and windows of the computer room during operation, and unrelated personnel are not allowed to enter; If it is necessary to accompany the inspector, they should stay away from the X-ray tube and wear protective equipment.
Time and distance control
Following the principle of "shorter time, farther distance, better shielding", reduce radiation exposure time and increase distance from the radiation source.
In medical examinations, patients need to follow instructions and cooperate with breathing movements (such as holding their breath after deep inhalation) to avoid repeated exposure.
Dose monitoring and recording
Operators are required to wear personal dosimeters and undergo regular testing to monitor the accumulated exposure dose.
Medical equipment needs to record each usage parameter (such as kV, mA, exposure time), while industrial equipment needs to record radiation level detection data.
3、 Environment and Site Management
Computer room shielding and ventilation
The computer room must meet the national radiation protection standards, and the walls, doors, and windows must have sufficient shielding performance.
Install mechanical ventilation devices with a minimum of 3 air changes per hour, and avoid exhaust outlets facing densely populated areas.
Warning signs and site clearance
Ionizing radiation warning signs should be posted on equipment casings, computer room doors, control consoles, and other locations.
Before using industrial equipment, it is necessary to clear the site and confirm that there are no unrelated personnel stranded; Medical equipment requires radiation protection for accompanying examinees.
Environmental temperature and humidity control
Maintain the temperature of the computer room at 15 ℃ -25 ℃ and the humidity at 40% -60% to avoid equipment overheating or condensation.
Medical CT equipment needs to maintain a temperature of 20 ℃ -28 ℃ and a humidity of 30% -70% (without condensation) during scanning.
4、 Maintenance and troubleshooting
Daily inspection and cleaning
Before each use, check whether the device connection, grounding wire, cooling fan, etc. are normal.
Regularly clean the exterior of the equipment and ventilation fans to avoid dust accumulation and overheating.
Regular testing and calibration
Medical equipment needs to undergo regular stability testing and parameter calibration to ensure image quality.
Industrial equipment needs to be regularly tested for radiation levels to ensure compliance with national standards.
Fault handling and maintenance
If there is any abnormality in the equipment (such as abnormal noise or instrument indication), it should be immediately shut down and professional maintenance personnel should be notified.
Users are prohibited from disassembling or modifying the equipment on their own, and repairs must be completed by the original factory or authorized organization.
Long term idle equipment management
Long term unused equipment should undergo regular boot training (such as once a month) to prevent component aging.
Medical equipment must be preheated and calibrated according to the manufacturer's instructions before it can be put into use.
